Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation (GMRCL) Limited, a 50:50 Special Purpose Vehicle jointly owned by the Government of India and Government of Gujarat, has released its latest recruitment notification for 383 Non-Executive O&M (Operations & Maintenance) posts vide Notification No. GMRCL/HR/RECT/O&M/2026/15 dated 29 April 2026. Posts are available in six categories: Station Controller/Train Operator (SC/TO), Junior Engineer Electrical, Junior Engineer Electronics, Maintainer Fitter, Maintainer Electrical, and Maintainer Electronics — for the Ahmedabad Metro Rail and Surat Metro Rail projects. These are contractual positions involving a 2-year training period followed by a 5-year contract. Only candidates willing to be posted anywhere in Gujarat should apply. Applications are accepted online at gujaratmetrorail.com from 29 April to 28 May 2026.
Quick Facts
| Field | Details |
|---|---|
| Total Posts | 383 |
| Projects | Ahmedabad + Surat Metro Rail |
| Application Window | 29 April – 28 May 2026 |
| Fee Payment Deadline | 31 May 2026 |
| Age Limit | 18–28 (SC/TO, JE) | 18–25 (Maintainer) |
| Qualification | Diploma (SC/TO, JE) | ITI (Maintainer) |
| Nature | Contractual — 2-yr training + 5-yr contract |
| Fee | ₹600 (UR Male) | ₹300 (SC/ST/SEBC/EWS/Women) |
1. Recruitment Overview
| Particulars | Details |
|---|---|
| Organisation | Gujarat Metro Rail Corporation (GMRCL) Limited — SPV of Government of India (50%) and Government of Gujarat (50%) |
| Notification No. | GMRCL/HR/RECT/O&M/2026/15 |
| Notification Date | 29 April 2026 |
| Post Category | Non-Executive O&M (Operations & Maintenance) Personnel |
| Posts Advertised | SC/TO (NE-001) | JE Electrical (NE-002) | JE Electronics (NE-003) | MNTR Fitter (NE-004) | MNTR Electrical (NE-005) | MNTR Electronics (NE-006) |
| Total Vacancies | 383 posts (all provisional and subject to increase/decrease) |
| Project Locations | Ahmedabad Metro Rail, Surat Metro Rail, and any other GMRCL projects in Gujarat |
| Nature of Appointment | Contractual — 2-year training cum probation + 5-year contract on IDA pay scales |
| Application Opens | 29 April 2026 |
| Application Closes | 28 May 2026 |
| Last Date for Fee Payment | 31 May 2026 |
| Application Mode | Online only at gujaratmetrorail.com/careers |
| Application Fee (UR Male) | ₹600 + bank charges + service tax |
| Application Fee (SC/ST/SEBC/EWS/Women/Ex-SM) | ₹300 + bank charges + service tax |
| Selection Process (SC/TO) | Written Test → Psychometric/Aptitude Test → Document Verification → Medical (A-1) |
| Selection Process (JE) | Written Test → Document Verification → Medical (A-1, not below A-3) |
| Selection Process (Maintainer) | Written Test → Document Verification → Medical (B-1) |
| Exam Date | June/July 2026 (subject to change) — OMR-based MCQ |
| Written Test Language | English only |
| Training Stipend (SC/TO & JE) | ₹18,000/month during training; ₹20,000/month consolidated post-training |
| Training Stipend (Maintainer) | ₹14,000/month during training; ₹16,000/month consolidated post-training |
| IDA Pay Scale (SC/TO & JE) | ₹33,000 – ₹1,00,000 after successful contract commencement |
| IDA Pay Scale (Maintainer) | ₹20,000 – ₹60,000 after successful contract commencement |
| Surety Bond (SC/TO & JE) | ₹2,50,000 — must serve minimum 3 years |
| Surety Bond (Maintainer) | ₹1,25,000 — must serve minimum 3 years |
| Official Website | gujaratmetrorail.com | Helpdesk: helpdesk.hr@gujaratmetrorail.com |
| Jurisdiction | Courts at Ahmedabad, Gujarat only for any disputes |
2. Important Dates
| Event | Date |
|---|---|
| Official Notification Released | 29 April 2026 |
| Online Application Registration Opens | 29 April 2026 |
| Last Date for Online Application Registration | 28 May 2026 |
| Last Date for Online Application Fee Payment | 31 May 2026 |
| Written Test (OMR-Based MCQ) — date subject to change | June/July 2026 |
| Psychometric/Aptitude Test — SC/TO shortlisted candidates only | After Written Test |
| Document Verification & Medical Examination — all shortlisted candidates | After Written/Psychometric Test |
Note: Apply well before 28 May — GMRCL is not responsible for applications not submitted due to website congestion on the last day. Fee once paid is non-refundable under any circumstances — verify eligibility before paying.
3. All Six Posts at a Glance
| Post Code | Post | Vacancies | Qualification | Age | IDA Pay Scale | Medical | Extra Stage |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NE-001 | Station Controller/Train Operator (SC/TO) | 89 | Diploma (Engg.) | 18–28 yrs | ₹33K–1L | Aye-One (A-1) | Psychometric |
| NE-002 | JE — Electrical | 4 | Diploma Electrical | 18–28 yrs | ₹33K–1L | A-1 (not below A-3) | — |
| NE-003 | JE — Electronics | 38 | Diploma Electronics | 18–28 yrs | ₹33K–1L | A-1 (not below A-3) | — |
| NE-004 | Maintainer — Fitter | 22 | SSLC + ITI Fitter | 18–25 yrs | ₹20K–60K | Bee-One (B-1) | — |
| NE-005 | Maintainer — Electrical | 129 | SSLC + ITI Electrician | 18–25 yrs | ₹20K–60K | Bee-One (B-1) | — |
| NE-006 | Maintainer — Electronics | 101 | SSLC + ITI Electronics | 18–25 yrs | ₹20K–60K | Bee-One (B-1) | — |
One post per candidate — choose carefully: Candidates can apply for only one post from the six advertised. Applying for multiple posts will result in rejection of all applications. If you hold a Diploma in Engineering, you are eligible for SC/TO or JE posts but not Maintainer posts even if you also have ITI — the Diploma is considered a higher qualification and does not substitute for ITI where ITI is specifically required. Degree holders in specified Engineering disciplines are also eligible for posts where Diploma is the minimum qualification.
4. Category-wise Vacancy Breakdown
| Post Code | Post Name | Gen | SEBC | ST | SC | EWS | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| NE-001 | SC/TO | 46 | 22 | 12 | — | 9 | 89 |
| NE-002 | JE Electrical | 3 | — | — | 1 | — | 4 |
| NE-003 | JE Electronics | 20 | 9 | 7 | 1 | 1 | 38 |
| NE-004 | Maintainer Fitter | 15 | 1 | 3 | — | 3 | 22 |
| NE-005 | Maintainer Electrical | 57 | 33 | 21 | 6 | 12 | 129 |
| NE-006 | Maintainer Electronics | 43 | 23 | 16 | 9 | 10 | 101 |
| Grand Total | 184 | 88 | 59 | 17 | 35 | 383 |
Note: Category reservation follows Gujarat State Government norms — SC/ST/SEBC/EWS certificates of Gujarat State only are valid. SEBC candidates must produce a valid Non-Creamy Layer certificate. All vacancies are provisional and subject to revision.
Gujarat state reservations — important rules:
- Only Gujarat State caste certificates are valid — candidates from other states can apply but will be treated as General (UR) category regardless of their category at state level
- SEBC (Socially and Educationally Backward Classes, Gujarat’s equivalent of OBC) requires a Non-Creamy Layer certificate issued within one year of the application closing date, in the prescribed Gujarati format
- EWS certificate must be in prescribed format as per Gujarat Govt. resolution — in English (Annexure-KH) or Gujarati (Parishisht-Ga)
- Women candidates of unreserved category get 5-year age relaxation; reserved category women get 10 years (inclusive of 5 years for being women)
5. Eligibility Criteria
| Post | Minimum Qualification | Age Limit (General) | Medical Standard |
|---|---|---|---|
| NE-001 — SC/TO | Diploma in Engineering — Mechanical/Electrical/Computer Engineering/Electronics/Electronics & Communications from a Government-recognised institution. Degree holders in specified disciplines also eligible | 18 to 28 years | Aye-One (A-1) — includes naked vision 6/6 — LASIK disqualified |
| NE-002 — JE Electrical | Diploma in Electrical Engineering; degree holders in Electrical Engineering also eligible | 18 to 28 years | A-1, not below A-3 |
| NE-003 — JE Electronics | Diploma in Electronics/Electronics & Communications Engineering; degree holders also eligible | 18 to 28 years | A-1, not below A-3 |
| NE-004 — Maintainer Fitter | SSLC (10th pass) with 2-year ITI in Fitter trade. Diploma/Degree does not substitute ITI | 18 to 25 years | Bee-One (B-1) |
| NE-005 — Maintainer Electrical | SSLC (10th pass) with 2-year ITI in Electrician trade | 18 to 25 years | Bee-One (B-1) |
| NE-006 — Maintainer Electronics | SSLC (10th pass) with 2-year ITI in Electronics trade | 18 to 25 years | Bee-One (B-1) |
Note: Final-year Diploma/Degree/ITI students may apply and appear for the written exam, but must produce the original marksheet at Document Verification — failure to do so leads to disqualification. Qualification from unrecognised institutions is not considered.
Age Relaxation
| Category | Age Relaxation | Effective Max Age |
|---|---|---|
| SEBC/EWS/SC/ST Male (Gujarat only) | +5 years | 33 years (SC/TO, JE) | 30 years (Maintainer) |
| SEBC/EWS/SC/ST Women (Gujarat only) | +10 years (includes 5 yrs for women) | 38 years (SC/TO, JE) | 35 years (Maintainer) |
| Women — Unreserved Category | +5 years | 33 years (SC/TO, JE) | 30 years (Maintainer) |
| Ex-Servicemen | Military service length + 3 years | Maximum 45 years |
Note: Age is calculated as on the date of advertisement — 29 April 2026. Candidates from outside Gujarat are treated as General (UR) for both category reservation and age relaxation purposes.
Critical eligibility rules:
- LASIK surgery disqualification: candidates who have undergone LASIK surgery are not eligible for any post in GMRCL — a blanket disqualification, including for Maintainer posts requiring B-1 medical standard
- These technical posts are not available for Persons with Disabilities (PwD) — all posts require specific medical fitness standards per the Indian Railway Medical Manual
- Candidates must be willing to serve anywhere in Gujarat — Ahmedabad, Gandhinagar, Surat, or any other current or future GMRCL project
- ITI is not equivalent to Diploma for Maintainer posts — a Diploma does not satisfy the ITI requirement; the specific ITI trade required per post is mandatory
- Candidates currently employed in any Govt. or PSU organisation must produce an NOC from their employer at document verification
6. Application Fee
| Category | Fee Amount |
|---|---|
| Unreserved (General) — Male | ₹600 + bank charges + service tax |
| SC/ST — Male | ₹300 + bank charges + service tax |
| SEBC (Non-Creamy Layer) — Male | ₹300 + bank charges + service tax |
| EWS — Male | ₹300 + bank charges + service tax |
| Women Candidates (All Categories) | ₹300 + bank charges + service tax |
| Ex-Servicemen | ₹300 + bank charges + service tax |
Payment is online only — Debit Cards, Credit Cards, Internet Banking, IMPS, Mobile Wallets, or UPI through the payment gateway on gujaratmetrorail.com/careers. Note: Fee and bank transaction charges are non-refundable under any circumstances. After successful payment, download the e-Receipt — inability to generate one indicates payment failure, in which case log in again and repeat payment.
7. Pay, Stipend & Emoluments
| Post | Stipend (Training) | Consolidated (Post-Training) | IDA Pay Scale (Contract) |
|---|---|---|---|
| SC/TO | ₹18,000/month | ₹20,000/month | ₹33,000 – ₹1,00,000 |
| JE — Electrical | ₹18,000/month | ₹20,000/month | ₹33,000 – ₹1,00,000 |
| JE — Electronics | ₹18,000/month | ₹20,000/month | ₹33,000 – ₹1,00,000 |
| Maintainer — Fitter | ₹14,000/month | ₹16,000/month | ₹20,000 – ₹60,000 |
| Maintainer — Electrical | ₹14,000/month | ₹16,000/month | ₹20,000 – ₹60,000 |
| Maintainer — Electronics | ₹14,000/month | ₹16,000/month | ₹20,000 – ₹60,000 |
Note: These are contractual positions. IDA pay scale applies only after successful completion of 2-year training cum probation and placement on a 5-year contract. The training stipend and consolidated salary do not include IDA components.
Surety bond — read this before accepting an offer:
- SC/TO and JE candidates must execute a surety bond of ₹2,50,000, committing to serve GMRCL for a minimum of 3 years (excluding LWP/EOL periods). Leaving before 3 years means the bond amount is forfeited
- Maintainer candidates must execute a surety bond of ₹1,25,000 with the same 3-year minimum service commitment
- A 3-month prior written notice, or leave salary in lieu of notice, is required before resignation. GMRCL may refuse to accept resignation during disciplinary proceedings or operational exigencies
- The surety bond applies across the 2-year training period and beyond — the 3-year minimum service clock starts from the joining date
8. Exam Pattern — Written Test (OMR-Based)
Gujarati language section — special rule: The Gujarati Language section is qualifying in nature only — its marks are not included in the merit cutoff score. However, candidates must score a minimum of 60% (General) or 50% (SC/ST/SEBC/EWS) in the Gujarati section to proceed to the next stage; failing this minimum eliminates the candidate regardless of performance elsewhere. If unsure of an answer, candidates can mark Option E — treated as an attempt but without negative marking, unlike leaving it blank.
For SC/TO (NE-001) and Junior Engineers (NE-002, NE-003) — 120 Questions, 120 Minutes
| Section | Questions | Marks | Counted in Merit? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technical Knowledge | 40 | 40 | Yes |
| Gujarati Language | 20 | 20 | Qualifying only (60%/50%) |
| Logical Ability & Reasoning | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Quantitative Aptitude | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| General English | 20 | 20 | Yes |
| Total | 120 | 120 | 100 marks count for merit (excl. Gujarati) |
For Maintainers (NE-004, NE-005, NE-006) — 100 Questions
| Section | Questions | Marks | Counted in Merit? |
|---|---|---|---|
| Technical Knowledge | 40 | 40 | Yes |
| Gujarati Language | 20 | 20 | Qualifying only (60%/50%) |
| Logical Ability & Reasoning | 15 | 15 | Yes |
| Quantitative Aptitude | 10 | 10 | Yes |
| General English | 15 | 15 | Yes |
| Total | 100 | 100 | 80 marks count for merit (excl. Gujarati) |
Note: All questions must be attempted — leaving any question unattempted invites a negative marking of 0.25 marks. Use Option E on the OMR sheet for questions you are unsure about to avoid the negative marking penalty. Exam venue is at major cities in Gujarat only.
9. Selection Process — Stage by Stage
| Stage | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Written Test (All Posts) | OMR-based MCQ test in English at major cities across Gujarat. SC/TO and JE candidates attempt 120 questions; Maintainers attempt 100 questions. Duration is 120 minutes for all. Negative marking of 0.25 applies for wrong answers and genuinely unattempted questions — use Option E to avoid penalty on uncertain questions. Gujarati section must be cleared separately. Merit in the written test determines shortlisting |
| 2. Psychometric/Aptitude Test (SC/TO Only) | Candidates shortlisted for SC/TO must additionally appear for a Psychometric Aptitude Test assessing mental fitness, situational awareness, attention to detail, and psychological suitability for train operation duties. JE and Maintainer candidates skip this stage entirely |
| 3. Document Verification | Candidates shortlisted based on merit are called for checking of original certificates — education qualifications, ITI/Diploma marksheets, caste certificate, domicile proof, Aadhaar, NOC from current employer (if in Govt./PSU), and any other notified documents. Credentials are also verified with respective universities and authorities. Any discrepancy results in immediate disqualification |
| 4. Medical Examination | All shortlisted candidates must pass a medical fitness examination per Indian Railways standards for equivalent categories. SC/TO requires Aye-One (A-1) including naked vision of 6/6; JE requires A-1 (not below A-3); Maintainer requires Bee-One (B-1). GMRCL bears the cost of the first examination only — a second examination is at the candidate’s cost. Medically unfit candidates are not eligible for any position |
Training cum probation — what happens after selection: All selected candidates are placed on a 2-year Training cum Probation period including classroom training, technical training, and on-the-job training. Candidates must pass various internal examinations during this period. Upon successful completion of training and all examinations, candidates are placed on a 5-year contract at IDA pay scales. Unsatisfactory performance during training can result in termination, and GMRCL retains the right to adjust the training duration at its discretion.
10. Job Profile — What Will You Actually Do?
| Post | Work Involves | Work Nature |
|---|---|---|
| SC/TO | Interchangeable role — may be assigned as Station Controller (managing station operations, passenger safety, entry/exit control) or Train Operator (driving metro trains), plus duties at Depot Control Centres, Operations Control Centres, Customer Care Centres, and station upkeep | Shift-based including night shifts; up to 8–12 hours daily; safety-critical; highest medical standard required |
| JE — Electrical | Maintenance of Rolling Stock electrical systems, Lifts, Escalators, Electrical & Mechanical systems, Power Supply systems, Stores management, Tower Wagon/Shunting operations | Shift duty including nights; field and technical maintenance work |
| JE — Electronics | Maintenance of Signalling & Telecom systems, Automatic Fare Collection (AFC) systems, SCADA, Rolling Stock electronics, Stores management | Shift duty including nights; system monitoring and maintenance |
| Maintainer — Fitter | Maintenance of mechanical systems — Train Coaches, P.Way, Track, Structure, Traction systems; installation and execution of mechanical systems at stations and depots | Shift duty including nights; physically demanding field work |
| Maintainer — Electrical | Maintenance of electrical systems — Lifts, Escalators, Traction, E&M systems; installation work for electrical systems including High Voltage systems under supervision | Shift duty including nights; field work across stations and depots |
| Maintainer — Electronics | Maintenance of Signalling, Telecom, AFC, Train Coaches electronics at station/depot level; technical support for system breakdowns under JE supervision | Shift duty including nights; station and depot based |
Note: All job profiles are indicative — GMRCL may assign any additional duty as required. Department allocation after joining is entirely at Management’s discretion based on operational vacancies.
11. How to Apply Online — Step by Step
| Step | Description |
|---|---|
| 1. Visit gujaratmetrorail.com/careers and Select the Advertisement | Select GMRCL advertisement No. GMRCL/HR/RECT/O&M/2026/15, click “Details” to read the full notification, or “Apply” to begin |
| 2. Use OTR Number or Register Fresh | Existing OTR holders enter their number and DOB for auto-fill. New registrants enter Name, Father’s/Husband’s Name, Mother’s Name, Gender, DOB, Category, Address, Mobile, Email, Aadhaar Card No., Nationality, and Educational Qualifications. Save the new OTR number and password carefully |
| 3. Fill Application Details and Select Your Post | Select exactly one post from NE-001 to NE-006. Enter educational qualification, ITI/Diploma details accurately. All entries are final after submission — no corrections allowed after clicking Submit |
| 4. Upload Photograph and Signature | Upload a recent passport-size colour photograph (200×230 pixels, JPEG, under 15KB) against a light/white background, and a signature on white paper in black ink (140×60 pixels, JPEG, under 15KB). The same photograph must be affixed on all call letters and attendance sheets |
| 5. Pay the Application Fee and Submit | Pay ₹600 (UR Male) or ₹300 (SC/ST/SEBC/EWS/Women/Ex-SM) plus bank charges. Do not press Back or Refresh during payment. Download the e-Receipt after successful payment and print the application form. Fee payment deadline is 31 May 2026 |
| 6. Download Admit Card and Appear for Written Test | Admit cards will be available on gujaratmetrorail.com/careers using your Confirmation Number and Date of Birth. Affix a recent photograph on the call letter. Carry the call letter along with an original photo ID and photocopy to the exam centre. Late reporting results in denial of entry |
Quick reference: Apply at gujaratmetrorail.com/careers only | Only one post per candidate | Application deadline: 28 May 2026 | Fee payment deadline: 31 May 2026 | No changes after final submission
12. Frequently Asked Questions
1. What is the total vacancy in GMRCL Recruitment 2026?
GMRCL has announced a total of 383 Non-Executive O&M posts under Notification No. GMRCL/HR/RECT/O&M/2026/15 dated 29 April 2026. The post-wise breakdown is: Station Controller/Train Operator — 89, Junior Engineer Electrical — 4, Junior Engineer Electronics — 38, Maintainer Fitter — 22, Maintainer Electrical — 129, and Maintainer Electronics — 101. All vacancies are provisional and subject to increase or decrease.
2. Is GMRCL 2026 a permanent job or contractual?
These are contractual appointments, not permanent government posts. The structure has two phases: a 2-year training cum probation period with a monthly stipend (₹18,000 for SC/TO and JE; ₹14,000 for Maintainers), followed by a 5-year contractual appointment at IDA pay scales (₹33,000–₹1,00,000 for SC/TO and JE, and ₹20,000–₹60,000 for Maintainers) after successful completion of training. Additionally, a surety bond commits candidates to serving GMRCL for a minimum of 3 years.
3. I have a Diploma in Electrical Engineering. Which posts can I apply for?
With a Diploma in Electrical Engineering, you are eligible for NE-001 (Station Controller/Train Operator), since Electrical is one of the qualifying disciplines, and NE-002 (Junior Engineer — Electrical). You cannot apply for Maintainer posts (NE-005 Maintainer Electrical) using your Diploma — the notification explicitly states that Diploma does not substitute for ITI where ITI is specifically required. Remember you can apply for only one post — choose based on career preference, age eligibility, and competition assessment.
4. I have undergone LASIK surgery. Am I eligible for GMRCL 2026?
No. The official notification explicitly states that candidates who have undergone LASIK surgery are not suitable for any posts in GMRCL. This is a blanket disqualification across all six advertised posts, not just the vision-critical SC/TO post. The medical fitness standards follow the Indian Railway Medical Manual, which does not permit LASIK-operated candidates for these operational and technical roles.
5. I am in my final year of Diploma. Can I apply for GMRCL 2026?
Yes, you can apply and appear for the written test. GMRCL has explicitly stated that candidates appearing in the final year of Diploma, Degree, or ITI examinations can apply for posts where they meet the minimum qualification criteria, and will be admitted to the written examination. However, you must produce the original marksheet at the time of Document Verification — if you cannot produce it at DV stage, you will be disqualified. Plan your timeline accordingly.
6. What is the Gujarati language section rule in GMRCL 2026 exam?
The Gujarati Language section is qualifying in nature only — its marks are not counted in the overall merit cutoff score. However, candidates must secure a minimum of 60% marks in the Gujarati section if General category, and 50% if belonging to SC/ST/SEBC/EWS. Failing to achieve this minimum eliminates the candidate regardless of performance in other sections. Candidates from outside Gujarat who are not fluent in Gujarati must specifically prepare for this section.
7. What is the surety bond in GMRCL Recruitment 2026?
All selected candidates must execute a surety bond before joining — a legal financial commitment to serve GMRCL for a minimum period. For SC/TO and Junior Engineers, the bond amount is ₹2,50,000. For Maintainers, it is ₹1,25,000. Candidates must complete a minimum of 3 years of service (excluding Leave Without Pay or Extraordinary Leave periods); leaving before 3 years forfeits the bond amount. A 3-month notice or equivalent salary in lieu is required for resignation, and GMRCL may refuse resignation in certain operational or disciplinary situations.
8. What medical standard is required for GMRCL SC/TO post?
SC/TO candidates are required to meet the Aye-One (A-1) medical standard as per the Indian Railway Medical Manual — the highest medical fitness standard, including naked (uncorrected) vision of 6/6; glasses or contact lenses are not permitted for this standard. Candidates who have undergone LASIK surgery are disqualified. Only candidates who are certain they meet this standard should apply for SC/TO.
9. I am from Rajasthan. Can I apply as OBC in GMRCL Recruitment 2026?
No. The GMRCL notification explicitly states that only caste certificates issued by Gujarat State authorities are valid. Candidates from other states who belong to OBC/SC/ST categories as per their home state must apply as General (Unreserved) category in GMRCL. Age relaxation benefits are also available only to candidates of Gujarat origin under the specified categories — outside-Gujarat candidates get no category-based age relaxation.
10. What is the Option E concept in GMRCL’s exam?
GMRCL’s written test applies negative marking of 0.25 marks to both wrong answers and unattempted questions. To handle uncertain questions without penalty, GMRCL provides Option E on the OMR sheet — marking it is treated as an attempt (so the unattempted penalty doesn’t apply) but does not invite negative marking. For questions where you genuinely don’t know the answer, mark Option E instead of leaving the question blank, which saves 0.25 marks per such question.
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